With the development of smart agriculture, an increasing number of agricultural monitoring systems are shifting from traditional manual inspections toward automated and digital monitoring. Cameras, sensors, and other devices can continuously collect field data and transmit it to remote servers for analysis via wireless networks.

However, in large outdoor environments such as orchards and farms, the trade-off between long-range connectivity, low power consumption, and high bandwidth remains a major challenge when deploying wireless monitoring systems.

To address these challenges, LUMA Lab in Uruguay is developing an automated system for agricultural pest monitoring.

Traditional pest monitoring typically relies on workers periodically checking traps. An automated solution, by contrast can continuously capture images with cameras and send them to a server for identification and analysis.

The overall system can be simplified as:

Field Trap → Camera → Wireless Network → Server → Image Analysis

In this system, wireless data transmission becomes a key factor in determining whether the entire system can operate reliably over the long term.

Unlike conventional sensors, this system needs to transmit image data. A single image typically ranges from 200~600 KB, meaning the system needs not only to cover a relatively large area, but also to provide sufficient data throughput.

This creates new challenges for traditional low-power wireless communication technologies.

Traditional Wireless Solutions is Limited

1. Cellular Networks:​

During the initial stage of the project, a prototype system was developed using an ESP32, camera, 4G modem, battery, and solar power supply. However, field tests in the orchard revealed that the 4G network could not maintain a consistently stable connection under the environmental conditions. At the same time, the cellular modem and its power system increased the overall power consumption of the device. For outdoor terminals powered by a combination of batteries and solar energy, higher power consumption directly shortens maintenance intervals and increases deployment costs. Therefore, although cellular networks offer excellent data rates, they are not necessarily the optimal choice for all remote agricultural environments.

2. LoRaWAN:​

LoRaWAN is a widely used communication technology in agricultural IoT. It offers low power consumption and long-range coverage, making it well suited for small amounts of telemetry data such as temperature and humidity, positioning, and device status. However, this project needs to transmit image files ranging from 200–600 KB. If LoRaWAN were used to carry image data, the files would need to be divided into multiple packets, resulting in long transmission times and a higher risk of packet retransmission. In general, LoRa is better suited to small telemetry data rather than large image files.

Wi-Fi HaLow: Another Networking Option

Wi-Fi HaLow is based on IEEE 802.11ah and operates in the Sub-1 GHz frequency band.

Compared with conventional 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz WiFi, WiFi HaLow is not primarily designed to pursue higher peak data rates. Instead, it uses a lower frequency band to achieve longer coverage distances while supporting the connectivity requirements of IoT devices.

For agricultural remote monitoring systems, its advantages can be summarized in three areas:

Long-Range Connectivity

The Sub-1 GHz frequency band has propagation characteristics that are well suited to long-distance wireless communication, enabling connections over hundreds of meters and potentially even farther.

IP Networking

Wi-Fi HaLow remains part of the WiFi ecosystem and can directly carry IP traffic.

This means remote devices can connect to existing network architectures without requiring a completely new proprietary communication protocol.

Higher Data Throughput

Compared with low-speed long-range communication technologies such as LoRaWAN, Wi-Fi HaLow can provide significantly higher data throughput, making it more suitable for applications involving images, files, and other larger data transfers.

Field Testing in a Real Orchard Environment

To evaluate the performance of Wi-Fi HaLow in a real-world environment, LUMA Lab built a test network consisting of a fixed AP and mobile nodes.

The basic architecture was:

Internet / Ethernet
↓
Wi-Fi HaLow Dongle AP
↓
Wi-Fi HaLow Camera
↓
Mobile Test Node
↓
Data Transmission

The test used the Wi-Fi HaLow Dongle, configured as a HaLow AP.

Rather than being conducted in a laboratory, the test was carried out in actual apple orchards and road environments to evaluate how vegetation, terrain, and other environmental factors affected the wireless link.

The tests were conducted at multiple locations, including apple orchards and road environments.

The test distances ranged from:

137.6 meters → 753 meters

The measured parameters included:

• Download

• Upload

• RSSI

• Latency

• Maximum communication interruption time

This testing approach differs from simply measuring the "maximum communication distance." Instead, it focuses more on whether the network can still provide usable data transmission at practical operating distances.

The first test was conducted in an apple orchard. At a distance of 301.1 meters:

Download: 1.863 Mbps
Upload: 1.164 Mbps

The results show that even with trees and vegetation obstructing the wireless path, Wi-Fi HaLow was still able to achieve Mbps-level data transmission.

The second test extended the distance further. At 534.4 meters:

Download: 1.088 Mbps
Upload: 0.397 Mbps
RSSI: approximately −90.22 dBm

At 640.1 meters:

Download: 0.218 Mbps
Upload: 0.053 Mbps

This indicates that in the vegetation-rich orchard environment, Wi-Fi HaLow could still maintain a usable connection over several hundred meters.

The third test was conducted in a road environment and produced one of the most representative results of the study. At a distance of 506 meters:

Download: 1.710 Mbps
Upload: 1.634 Mbps

Even beyond 500 meters, the bidirectional throughput remained above 1 Mbps. For an agricultural monitoring system, remote devices can not only upload sensor data but also transmit relatively large files such as images. This is an important difference between Wi-Fi HaLow and traditional low-speed long-range IoT technologies.

This is also one of the key differences between WiFi HaLow and conventional low-speed long-range IoT communication technologies.

More importantly, the test validated a practical networking requirement:

Transmitting larger amounts of data over hundreds of meters while maintaining an IP network connection.

This sits in a space between several traditional wireless technologies.

Traditional Wi-Fi offers high data rates but limited transmission distance; 4G/5G provides high speeds and wide coverage, but depends on carrier networks and generally consumes more power.

LoRa/LoRaWAN offers long range and low power consumption, but its extremely low bandwidth makes it unsuitable for transmitting large amounts of data such as images.

Wi-Fi HaLow, meanwhile, combines long-range connectivity, IP networking, and relatively high throughput. This makes it particularly suitable for outdoor agricultural environments spanning hundreds of meters where image transmission is required and traditional solutions are less suitable. It provides an effective complement to existing wireless IoT technologies.

LoRa and Wi-Fi HaLow Can Complement Each Other

In practical IoT systems, LoRa and Wi-Fi HaLow do not necessarily need to compete with each other.

A more suitable architecture could be:

LoRa​

Responsible for:

• Sensor data

• GPS

• Status information

• Alerts

• Control commands

Wi-Fi HaLow​

Responsible for:

• Images

• Files

• Camera data

• High-volume IP communication

By combining the two technologies, a system can balance low power consumption, long-range connectivity, and higher data throughput.

More Possibilities for Long-Range Connectivity

For developers who need to quickly build a long-range IP network, the Heltec Wi-Fi HaLow 7608 Router and Wi-Fi HaLow Dongle can serve as the network center and remote terminal, respectively.

Internet / Ethernet
↓
Heltec Wi-Fi HaLow 7608 Router
↓
Wi-Fi HaLow Dongle

This architecture eliminates the need to equip every remote device with a cellular connection while retaining IP networking capabilities.

As a result, the technology can be applied not only to agricultural monitoring, but also to:

• Remote cameras

• Farms and ranches

• Industrial parks

• Warehousing and logistics

• Construction sites

• Large outdoor areas

The LUMA Lab field test demonstrates a typical application of Wi-Fi HaLow in a real outdoor environment.

The test results show that even under the influence of vegetation, terrain, and other environmental factors, Wi-Fi HaLow can maintain usable data communication over several hundred meters. For devices that need to transmit images, files, or other IP data over long distances, this provides an alternative to traditional Wi-Fi, cellular networks, and LoRa.

More importantly, the test demonstrates more than simply a "maximum range" figure. It points to a more practical networking concept:

Extending IP connectivity into areas that are difficult for traditional Wi-Fi to reach.

As applications such as remote cameras, smart agriculture, industrial IoT, and outdoor monitoring continue to develop, Wi-Fi HaLow has the potential to become an important wireless technology for connecting long-distance, high-data-volume devices.

Data sources : https://lab.luma.uy/en/publications/wifi-halow-field-test

About the workshop​

Every Node Counts brought together around a dozen students from across the School of the Art Institute of Chicago for one shared question: at a moment when almost all of our communication runs through infrastructure we don't own, what does it take to build a network of our own?

The workshop was selected by SAIC's Student Government through a competitive Art for Impact grant, and it was open to everyone - no prior electronics experience required. Over a single afternoon, participants went from "what is a mesh network?" to holding a working, off-grid radio node they had flashed and configured themselves. The whole workshop was built around the Heltec LoRa 32 V3, an affordable, all-in-one board that let complete beginners hold a working node in a single afternoon.

We built together rather than working alone. Meshtastic is a network that gets stronger with every device added to it, so the room worked the same way: people who finished first turned around and helped their neighbors. By the time the last node came online, nobody had gotten there entirely by themselves.

For us the point was never only the device. In these precarious times it felt important to make something together - to build local community, to have the kind of rich conversations that don't happen often, and to think about what it means to spend time outside the large data networks we're usually placed inside. It was, simply, a beautiful afternoon.

Pairing up to flash firmware and work through the radio settings together.

The build​

Participants flashed Meshtastic firmware onto their boards over USB-C, set their region and channel, gave each node its own name and identity, and joined a shared local mesh. The moment a neighbor's message first appeared on their own screen was, every time, the moment it clicked.

Working with the Heltec V3​

At the center of every build was the Heltec LoRa 32 V3. For a room of first-time makers it worked out well: the board arrives with the ESP32, the SX1262 LoRa radio, USB-C, battery management, and a small OLED display already integrated, so participants had a complete, self-contained node the moment they plugged in - nothing to wire up or solder.

Flashing Meshtastic onto the V3 was straightforward even for people who had never used a microcontroller: connect over USB-C, flash the firmware, and the onboard OLED immediately confirms the node is alive. That instant feedback mattered - seeing their own name and node ID appear on the little screen was the moment mesh networking stopped being abstract. The built-in display also meant nobody was flying blind out in the field, with signal, battery, and messages all readable right on the device.

A finished node, housed in a hand-decorated case with beads and a broken-heart charm.

The build plan projected in the lab during the workshop.

Workshop poster, designed by Helen Janjaa Lee.

Thank you​

Thank you to Heltec for supporting Every Node Counts. The boards were the heart of the workshop, and the beginner-friendliness of the V3 is a big part of why a room of artists with no electronics background left as node operators. We're hoping to grow this into an ongoing mesh-networking group on campus, and we'd love to stay in touch as it develops.

Acknowledgements​

Every Node Counts was made possible by the Art for Impact grant from SAIC Student Government, and by the ATSP faculty, who supported the workshop and provided the space and facilities. With gratitude to Heltec for their material support. Photographs by Doug Rosman. Poster design by Helen Janjaa Lee. A workshop by Nickii Schamborski and Helen Janjaa Lee.

For the vehicle test, Daniel used a Heltec V3 with the stock antenna and operated it from inside the vehicle.

Test Route​

• Total distance: approximately 4 km
• Elevation ranged from 808 m down to 620 m
• The route followed mountain roads

Despite:

• Potential RF signal attenuation from the vehicle's metal body
• Extensive blockage from the surrounding mountains

the communication link remained stable throughout the test.

Daniel also conducted a multi-hop mesh test on foot.

Because the mountainous terrain blocked the path, a direct line-of-sight link could not be established between the starting point and the destination node. Communication was therefore relayed through two high-altitude nodes:

• Monte Livata (elevation: 1,350 m)
• Marsia (elevation: 1,980 m)

Final Test Results​

• Message delivery rate reached 100%
• All five test messages were transmitted successfully
• Multi-hop link latency was approximately 10 seconds

This test demonstrates the potential of LoRa Mesh networks in mountainous areas and environments with limited infrastructure.

Heltec V4: Exploring a Compact, Portable Communication Solution

For the Heltec V4, Daniel focused on a different use case:

A compact, portable node design.

During the test, the V4 was installed in a pocket-sized enclosure with an integrated GPS module and an internal antenna.

Although an internal antenna typically involves some trade-offs in RF performance, the V4's greater transmit capability can partially offset the antenna's limitations.

Vehicle Test​

Daniel drove from Cervara di Roma (Lazio) to Oricola (Abruzzo). During the test, he:

• Used the pocket-sized V4 device
• Used no external antenna
• Maintained communication through a multi-node Mesh relay network

This test demonstrates the potential of compact LoRa Mesh devices for portable and off-grid communications.

Important Feedback from Real-World Testing

We are very grateful to Daniel for the time and effort he invested in this comprehensive field test.

Realistic testing is extremely valuable because it helps us understand how devices actually perform outside the laboratory and provides important guidance for future product improvements.

During the tests, Daniel also shared practical feedback on:

• Power consumption
• Hardware interaction and usability
• Firmware flashing experience

These suggestions have been shared with our engineering team. We are actively evaluating possible improvements and considering them for future hardware revisions and software updates.

Feedback from community users has always been an important part of our product development process.

Every test helps us better understand user needs and continuously improve the product experience.

Advancing Off-Grid Communication Together

The combination of LoRa technology and Mesh networking continues to demonstrate tremendous potential in:

• Outdoor exploration
• Emergency communications
• Communication in areas without network coverage
• Community-based communication networks

As more users explore decentralized communication systems, real-world testing and feedback from the community are helping drive the technology forward.

Once again, our thanks to Daniel IU6WSC for sharing these detailed test results, photographs, and valuable suggestions with the community.

We look forward to seeing more real-world use cases and to continuing the development of Heltec products together with makers and communication communities around the world.

An ESP32-S3 development board is usually the device being developed. ESP32 Bit Pirate flips that idea around: flash it once, and the board itself becomes part of your electronics workbench.

The open-source firmware provides a common command-line interface for interacting with I2C, SPI, UART, GPIO and many other wired and wireless protocols. Around that firmware is a set of browser tools for flashing, serial access, logic capture, memory programming and Python automation.

With ESP32 Bit Pirate 1.7, this workflow now supports the Heltec WiFi LoRa 32 V4 and the Heltec Vision Master T190, including direct access to the SX1262 LoRa radio on the supported LoRa configurations.

That makes these boards useful for something slightly different from their usual role: instead of only building a LoRa application with them, you can also use them to develop, inspect and debug other hardware.

Our latest products, including WiFi LoRa 32 V4, Tracker V2, and Mesh Node T096, integrate LNA functionality to improve weak signal reception performance. In practical applications, users may have questions about when to enable LNA and how to configure it properly. This article introduces the basic working principles of LNA and provides configuration recommendations for different wireless environments to help users make better use of the LNA function.

What is an LNA?​

An LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) is a critical RF component located at the receiver front end. Its primary purpose is to amplify weak RF signals from the antenna while maintaining a low noise figure. By providing low-noise amplification and increasing the signal level before further processing, the LNA helps minimize the impact of subsequent stages on overall receiver performance and improves receiver sensitivity.

Why Does the Signal Need to Be Amplified as Early as Possible?​

In wireless communication systems, the RF signals received by the antenna are usually extremely weak.

• Long-range WiFi communication: The received signal may be as low as -80 to -100 dBm
• Long-range LoRa communication: The received signal may reach -120 dBm or even lower
• GPS satellite signals: The received signal is typically close to the receiver noise floor

When these weak signals enter the receiver, they are not an ideal clean signal. the signal processed by the receiver can be expressed as:

Received Signal = Desired Signal + External Noise/Interference + Receiver Noise

The theoretical thermal noise density of a receiver is approximately: -174 dBm/Hz

The actual receiver noise power can be expressed as:

-174 dBm/Hz + 10 × log₁₀(B) + NF

• B: Receiver bandwidth (Hz)
• NF: Receiver noise figure (dB)

This noise level determines the minimum signal strength that the receiver can detect, which is known as the receiver sensitivity.

Therefore, the key challenge in weak-signal reception is not simply to “amplify the signal”, but to: Preserve the original signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as much as possible before the signal enters the subsequent processing stages.

Why Must the LNA Be Placed at the Front End of the Receiver?​

The simplified block diagram of the receiver is shown below :

When a weak signal enters the receiver, it has only one chance to maintain the best possible signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). If the first-stage circuit introduces excessive noise, it cannot be removed by later stages. Even with further amplification, the receiver can only amplify the already degraded signal and noise together.

The Friis formula is an important equation used to describe the noise performance of a receiver.

A receiver typically consists of multiple cascaded stages, and its overall noise factor can be calculated using the Friis formula:

• F₁: Noise factor of the first stage
• G₁: Gain of the first stage

A lower noise factor F means the device introduces less additional noise and causes less SNR degradation.

The Friis formula shows that:

The noise factor of the first stage F₁ has the greatest impact on the overall receiver noise performance; A higher first-stage gain G₁ reduces the contribution of noise from subsequent stages.

Therefore, the receiver front end typically uses a low-noise, high-gain LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) to:

Reduce the overall noise figure Minimize the impact of subsequent stages, Improve weak signal detection capability.

Ultimately, the ability to receive weak signals depends on how much noise is introduced by the receiver front end.

Higher LNA Gain Is Not Always Better​

Although an LNA improves weak signal reception by increasing signal amplitude, excessive gain can also introduce problems.

In strong interference environments, such as urban areas, near base stations, or with multiple active wireless devices, the LNA amplifies not only the desired signal but also noise and interference. When the input power is too high, it may cause:

• Front-end overload: The amplifier enters the nonlinear region, causing signal distortion and intermodulation interference.
• Reduced dynamic range: Strong interference makes weak signal demodulation more difficult.

LNA design requires a balance between low noise, sufficient gain, and high linearity, rather than simply maximizing gain.

How to Select the LNA Gain Mode?​

Weak signal, low interference environment: Enable LNA

Enabling the LNA increases signal amplitude, reduces the impact of subsequent-stage noise, and improves receiver sensitivity.

Typical scenarios:

• Open areas
• Long-range LoRa communication
• Weak GPS signal reception

Strong interference environment: Disable LNA

By disabling the LNA amplification path, the receiver can avoid front-end overload and achieve better dynamic range and interference immunity.

Typical scenarios:

• Dense urban areas
• Environments with multiple active wireless devices
• Locations close to high-power transmitters

How to Configure the LNA Mode on the Device?​

F&T System​

When using our F&T system, LNA can be configured directly through the device UI. The LNA is Disabled by default, and users can enable it based on their actual application requirements.

The following example uses WiFi LoRa 32 V4 to demonstrate how to enable LNA in the F&T system:

1. After flashing the F&T firmware, double-click the PNG button to enter the function selection menu.
2. Click the PNG button to select System.
3. Long-press the PNG button to enter the system settings.
4. Click the PNG button to scroll down and find the LNA option.
5. Long-press the PNG button to enable LNA.

Meshtastic​

In the current Meshtastic firmware, LNA is Enabled by default. To disable LNA, users currently need to modify the relevant settings in the source code.

File location: meshtatic/firmware/src/mesh/LoRaFEMInterface.h

• bool lna_enabled = true; LNA Enabled (default)
• bool lna_enabled = false; LNA Disabled

MeshCore​

In the current MeshCore firmware, LNA is Disabled by default. To enabled LNA, users currently need to modify the relevant settings in the source code.

File location (example for WiFi LoRa 32 V4): MeshCore/variants/heltec_v4/LoRaFEMControl.h

For other devices, such as Mesh Node T096, please modify the corresponding LoRaFEMControl.h file under the relevant hardware variant directory.

• bool lna_enabled = true; LNA Enabled
• bool lna_enabled = false; LNA Disabled (default)

Arduino​

In the board configuration options, find: LoRa External FEM Receive Gain

This option is set to Disabled by default. To enable the LNA receive gain function, simply select Enabled from the menu. After enabling this option, the library will automatically configure the external FEM control logic, allowing the device to use the LNA path during reception and improve weak signal reception performance.

FEM Control Pins​

The FEM operation is controlled by three pins. The pin definitions for different devices are shown below:

During SX1262 operation:

• In TX mode, DIO2 outputs a high level to enable the PA path.
• In RX mode, DIO2 outputs a low level to enable the LNA path.

The FEM operating mode is determined by the combination of PA_CSD, PA_CTX, and PA_CPS:

For more details about the pin connections, please refer to the corresponding schematic:

• WiFi LoRa 32 v4.3
• WiFi LoRa 32 V4 R8
• Tracker V2
• Mesh Node T096

ZLET is the largest scouting gathering in Slovenia, bringing together scouts from across the country and offering a wide range of activities focused on nature, sports, creativity, and learning. The event takes place every four years, with each edition hosted in a different location throughout Slovenia.

In addition to supporting the event infrastructure, we assisted the scouts in deploying a wireless internet network across the campsite, enabling more efficient organization and communication throughout the various activities.

As part of the technical program, our amateur radio team prepared a series of activities focused on modern radio technologies. During the camping program, we conducted field testing of LoRa APRS tracking devices. For this occasion, we specially prepared the trackers for ZLET using Heltec Wireless Tracker modules and custom 3D-printed enclosures. We assembled 30 trackers, while an additional 10 units were provided by Radio Club Koper.

In total, 40 scout teams were equipped with trackers, allowing us to monitor their locations in real time. This provided participants with hands-on experience of radio-based position tracking in an environment without internet infrastructure, demonstrating the practical value of LoRa and amateur radio technologies in the field.

On Saturday, August 2, 2025, we organized two workshops: an introduction to amateur radio and a practical demonstration of Amateur Radio Direction Finding (ARDF), commonly known as “Fox Hunting.” The ARDF workshop was led by S57CT (Franci Žankar).

Participants were also introduced to satellite communications through amateur radio satellites and Slow Scan Television (SSTV). Every attendee had the opportunity to make their first amateur radio contact, gaining direct experience with radio communications and developing a deeper understanding of the technology through hands-on practice.

The workshops were scheduled across four sessions, each with approximately 20 registered children. Due to adverse weather conditions, one session had to be canceled. Despite this, around 120 scouts participated in the activities overall.

Throughout the event, we operated under the special callsign S50ZLET and established numerous HF radio contacts, further promoting amateur radio to participants and visitors alike.

We also had the opportunity to present our work to several distinguished guests, including Dr. Nataša Pirc Musar, President of the Republic of Slovenia; Borut Sajović, Minister of Defence; Members of Parliament Lucija Tacer and Andreja Živic; Sandi Curk, Civil Protection Commander for the Notranjska Region; Aleš Klemenc, Head of the Notranjska Civil Protection Office; Andrej Sila, Mayor of Sežana; and Vanja Jelen, Deputy Mayor of Sežana.

During these presentations, we highlighted our key activities, emphasized the importance of self-sufficient communications, and demonstrated how amateur radio systems can remain operational with only a reliable power source. Using EcoFlow batteries and solar panels, we showcased our ability to operate independently, including in emergency and off-grid situations.

Participation in ZLET 2025 made a significant contribution to promoting amateur radio among young people and the broader public. The event also reinforced the role of amateur radio operators as a technically skilled, community-oriented, and socially valuable group while demonstrating how technologies such as the Heltec Wireless Tracker can support education, outdoor activities, and resilient communications in real-world environments.

Amersfoort, the Netherlands — May 2026​

Heltec Automation recently supported a MeshCore community meetup held at Bitlair Hackerspace in the Netherlands, where local radio, LoRa, and mesh-networking enthusiasts gathered to exchange knowledge, test hardware, and discuss the future of decentralized communication networks.

The meetup was organized by members of the Dutch MeshCore community and attracted strong interest from local users. Before the event, organizers reported more than 50 expected participants, reflecting the fast growth of MeshCore activity in the Netherlands and the role of hackerspaces in accelerating real-world adoption. During the event, participants discussed a wide range of MeshCore and LoRa-related topics, including MeshCore basics, Companion flashing, radio fundamentals, LoRa transmission, channels, room servers, OTA router updates, local RF regulations, sensors over LoRa, network scalability, and practical outdoor deployments.

A key focus of the meetup was hands-on testing and technical validation. Community members brought professional RF test equipment, including VNAs, a spectrum analyzer with a rubidium reference, precision power meters, and SDR radios. These tools were used to evaluate antenna resonance, LoRa frequency accuracy, output power, and filter performance. Heltec supported the meetup by providing hardware for demonstration and community testing. Around 30 kits based on Heltec V3 and V4 hardware were also prepared by community members for participants who needed additional devices for experimentation and deployment. Heltec also provided a dedicated discount code for meetup attendees to support further community adoption.

The event also coincided with the Dutch community’s move toward SF7 / CR5 configuration, giving participants an opportunity to configure devices together and discuss performance in a real local mesh environment. For Heltec, the meetup provided valuable first-hand feedback from experienced users. In addition to positive community engagement, participants shared technical observations from RF and antenna testing. Heltec has forwarded this feedback to its internal engineering team for further review and will continue to use real-world community data to improve hardware documentation, accessories, and future product design. “Real community deployments are extremely important to us,” said Heltec Automation. “Events like this help us understand how users actually build, configure, test, and improve mesh networks in the field. We are grateful to the Dutch MeshCore community for their openness, technical depth, and willingness to share practical feedback.”

The Netherlands has become one of the active regions for MeshCore experimentation, with new repeaters and community-led deployments continuing to appear. According to the organizers, future meetups are expected to continue every few months, helping keep the local mesh community active and connected. Heltec will continue supporting community-led events, workshops, and real-world testing efforts around LoRa, MeshCore, Meshtastic, and decentralized IoT communication.

Before Ond’Expo 2026 officially opened its doors to the public, the venue was already abuzz with intense yet orderly preparations. The team from the Lyon Radio Club (F8KLY) warmly welcomed all participants, while volunteers swiftly dove into their respective tasks to finalize the setup of the exhibition booths.

The Gaulix team’s booth was quickly brought to readiness. Equipment was progressively installed, and a network map was displayed on a screen, making the structure of the MeshCore network instantly clear. As team members continued to arrive, the pace on the floor gradually quickened, with everything falling into place for the imminent opening.

Once the exhibition opened its doors, a steady stream of visitors poured in. Veterans familiar with the Meshtastic ecosystem, newcomers eager to explore, and curious onlookers interested in LoRa communication constantly gathered in front of the booth. Questions, discussions, and demonstrations intertwined, keeping the entire booth in a state of high-energy activity throughout the day. Some visitors came seeking technical assistance; others wished to understand the differences between various devices and firmware; and some, encountering mesh networking for the very first time, sought to grasp the potential of this decentralized mode of communication.

Throughout the day, the Gaulix team provided continuous technical support and demonstrations: node flashing, parameter configuration, network debugging, and device installation. Every question was treated with seriousness, and every interaction became an opportunity to share knowledge. Amidst a relaxed and open atmosphere, technology ceased to be merely a tool; instead, it became a bridge connecting people.

Meanwhile, MeshCore technology emerged as one of the focal points of the event. Through intuitive demonstrations and explanations, the team showcased the practical application possibilities of this technology to the audience; its potential for rapid development also sparked widespread interest. After experiencing it firsthand, many visitors began to consider how they might introduce mesh networking into their own communities or projects.

The exhibition was also punctuated by several memorable moments—from lighthearted and humorous interactions to high-quality technical presentations, and even an on-site prize raffle—ensuring the entire event maintained an excellent pace and a strong sense of engagement. In particular, when the technical lectures were simultaneously broadcast via online platforms, the event's influence extended far beyond the physical confines of the exhibition hall. As the exhibition drew to a close, the pace gradually slowed, yet the exchange of ideas continued unabated. Outside the exhibition hall, some team members continued their discussions—ranging from the day’s demonstrations to future project concepts, and from antenna design to network deployment—with every topic flowing naturally into the next. This exchange, extending well beyond the confines of the trade show, perhaps represents the truest embodiment of the community spirit.

Ond’Expo 2026 ultimately drew to a close amidst an atmosphere that was both fast-paced and immensely fulfilling. It was not merely a showcase of technology, but a practical exercise in connection, collaboration, and sharing. Through this event, Gaulix once again demonstrated that the true value of a Mesh network lies not solely in the act of communication itself, but—more importantly—in the power of the community it inspires.

What can the Heltec Wireless Tracker v2 be used for ? In situations of disruption (unavailable cellular network, infrastructure overload, loss of coordination), the main problem is not just communication, but knowing the whereabouts of family members, friends, or clans. A LoRa/Meshtastic tracker provides a simple solution to this need: it allows for a basic awareness of location, without relying on a mobile network operator .

In practical terms, it becomes a distributed coordination tool . A group can track the movements of its members, visualize relative positions (azimuth), identify delays, deviations from the trajectory, or when a regrouping point has been reached . Whereas voice radio requires being available at the right time and manually plotting the position on a paper map, the tracker sends very precise and regularly updated information to the local Meshtastic network on your private channel.

It also makes perfect sense in a context of retreat and mobility. During a move to a safe location, or within a multi-site strategy (plans A, B, C), it allows confirmation that an individual or team has indeed reached a given area, without the need for lengthy or energy-intensive exchanges. This is particularly relevant if communications must remain brief, discreet, or infrequent .

Discreet use: A tracker can be configured to transmit periodically without human intervention. In case of a problem (incident, loss of contact, immobilization), the last known position becomes usable information. It's not a miracle solution, but it's often the only data available when everything else has failed.

Finally, in a mesh network like Meshtastic, the tracker doesn't work alone. It relies on a lightweight infrastructure of fixed or mobile nodes to relay information. This enables the creation of a collaborative location capability that is inherently resilient because it is distributed and without a central point.

Ultimately, the value of a tracker in a resilience strategy is not technological. It is operational: reducing uncertainty about people's locations and maintaining a minimum level of coordination when traditional methods fail.

The Wireless Tracker v2 (nRF52840)​

When Heltec Automation offered me the opportunity to test their new tracker in advance, I saw it as the perfect opportunity to move beyond simple “classic node” use and explore a much more specific role: that of a field tracker .

Testing a product before its release is always interesting. But here, the idea was mainly to go beyond the technical specifications: to understand how this type of node performs in real-world conditions, what it actually brings to the field… and above all, where its limitations lie.

So I accepted without much hesitation, with one question in mind: can this add value to our resilient preparations?

Feature​

Energy balance​

Measurement from scratch: 50 mA in standby/idle, 70 mA in current consumption and 850 to 950 mA at TX/Burst transmission.

A. Operational context of the test with the Meshtastic Client role:​

Power supply: 2 × 18650 2600 mAh batteries in parallel.
Bluetooth: enabled.
permanent exhibition at my local MQTT gateway ( Gaulix Canal Fr_Blabla ).
approximately ten BLE connections during the test period (12 hours).
approximately twenty LoRa TX messages were sent during the test period (12 hours).

B. Operational context of the test with the Meshtastic Tracker role:​

Power supply: 2 × 18650 2600 mAh batteries in parallel
Bluetooth: enabled
permanent exhibition at my local MQTT gateway ( Gaulix Canal Fr_Blabla )
approximately ten BLE connections during the test period (12 hours)
approximately five LoRa TX messages during the test period (12 hours)

In terms of power​

To measure the actual power output of the Heltec Wireless Tracker v2 (nRF52840) , I used a TinySA Ultra Plus spectrum analyzer with a 40 dB / 10 Wmax attenuator placed between the transmitter and the device to protect it from an excessively strong signal. The screenshot below shows a measured power of 28.4 dBm , with an accuracy of ±2 dBm. Considering the attenuator's actual calibration and the analyzer's margin of error, this measurement confirms that the advertised power level has been achieved .

Legislative reminders – Application to Meshtastic in the 869.4–869.65 MHz band​

The region setting in Meshtastic is primarily used to adjust the frequency and duty cycle rules...

500 mW PAR = 27 dBm WORSE EIRP

This means that:

• If your antenna has a gain of 2 dBi
• And that your cable loses 0.5 dB
• → Your output power module should be set to around 25.5 dBm

Following the mid-March launch of the ESP32-S3 version of the Wireless Tracker V2 , the next version will adopt an nRF52840 microcontroller, chosen to reduce power consumption while maintaining the same basic hardware architecture. LoRa communication relies on the SX1262 chip, accompanied by a KCT8103L amplifier front-end (PA/LNA) that stabilizes the signal and optimizes transmission and reception.

The UC6580 GNSS/GPS module provides positioning by utilizing multiple satellite constellations ( GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, Galileo ), reducing positioning times and improving reliability in urban or wooded areas. Its optimized power consumption and intelligent sleep mode perfectly align with the nRF52840's design philosophy, ensuring that geolocation does not significantly impact the device's overall battery life.

Power management is handled by the CN3165 controller , which oversees the charging and powering of the battery and other components. The whole system forms a relatively coherent platform: a less power-hungry nRF52840 MCU, operational LoRa radio, active geolocation, and controlled battery life, all while remaining simple and robust in terms of hardware. However, the integration of this controller into the architecture is inherently limited to the use of a low-power solar panel (approximately 3 watts).

🌿CN3165

A significant limitation of integrating the CN3165 into this type of node is the lack of intelligent power management. The circuit offers neither true load sharing (distribution between external power supply and battery) nor power path management. In practical terms, even with solar power available, the system relies directly on the battery to operate. Furthermore, unlike a more advanced BMS incorporating Schmitt trigger logic (for example, shutting down at 3.0V and restarting only at 3.5V), the CN3165's behavior is based on a single implicit threshold. As a result, the system can become stuck in an unstable state, unable to restart properly when the battery recharges slowly, particularly in degraded solar conditions.

🌿KCT8103L

Heltec Automation's choice to switch to the KCT8103L chip is simply explained by a better compromise between useful radio performance and power consumption.

In terms of performance, the gain doesn't come from higher transmission power, but from cleaner reception. The KCT8103L introduces less noise and improves sensitivity, which increases the truly usable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In LoRa, this parameter determines the effective range and stability of the transmission. In practical terms, a node picks up weak signals better and decodes more reliably, which has a much greater impact than a few extra dBm in transmission power.

In terms of power consumption, the difference is clear. Power-oriented solutions like the GC1109 draw high currents during transmission, resulting in lower overall efficiency. The more balanced KCT8103L reduces power consumption while maintaining superior performance on the actual link. The result is a better range-to-energy ratio, essential for autonomous nodes, and the risk of low battery charge during transmission no longer triggers a node reboot.

In summary, Heltec has abandoned a "transmit louder" logic for a better transmission logic, simultaneously improving link quality and energy efficiency.

Conclusion​

At the end of this test, it's important to place this node in its true category: it's not a "turnkey" product, ready to use right out of the box, but rather a maker- oriented platform . The Heltec Wireless Tracker V2 (nRF) requires understanding, adaptation, and integration. It's clearly aimed at those willing to get their hands dirty with configuration, power supply, and sometimes even hardware optimization.

It is precisely in this context that it becomes interesting. For behind this unfinished approach lies real technical potential. The radio performance is particularly attractive, with a transmission power of up to 28 dBm , combined with the sensitivity provided by the KCT8103L RF front-end . In the field, this is clearly demonstrated: during my tests with an 8dBi antenna , an uplink was established over 130 km with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of -17.25 , which remains perfectly usable in LoRa. This type of result clearly illustrates the node's ability to maintain long-distance communications under real-world conditions and clearly places it above many other nodes in terms of raw radio performance.

However, this node requires some choices. Powering it, especially with solar power, quickly reveals its limitations if a "plug and play" approach is used. The lack of advanced energy management necessitates a holistic approach to its integration, taking into account the specific usage context.

It is precisely from this perspective that I see the value of this tracker. Rather than considering it as a universal standalone device, I see it as a component to be integrated into a larger system . For my part, it will naturally find its place in my van, with a fixed power supply, where I can control the available energy and fully utilize its radio capabilities.

In this type of integration, its limitations become secondary, and its strengths take precedence: compactness, energy efficiency, and above all, radio performance. Ultimately, this node is a highly technical niche product, but a tool that reveals its full potential when used in an environment designed for it.

PASADENA, Calif., March 17, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- Heltec, a global leading enterprise specializing in IoT and smart hardware, today announced the successful conclusion of its participation in the Southern California Linux Expo (SCALE), held in Pasadena, California, USA. With comprehensive on-site volunteer support from top university cybersecurity societies and professional industry organizations, Heltec showcased its complete matrix of core products at the event, delivering strong results in expanding brand influence, engaging with clients and industry peers, and building its technical reputation within the North American market. The company’s booth emerged as one of the most popular and highly visited attractions throughout the expo.

As a pivotal industry exchange platform in North America, SCALE centers on embedded technologies, IoT applications, and cybersecurity. The annual event brings together global industry vendors, technical experts, enterprise clients, and university research communities, serving as a core channel for technology implementation, business matchmaking, and cross-sector industry collaboration. During the expo, Heltec leveraged its dedicated booth to present a comprehensive display of its full portfolio, including embedded development hardware, LoRa communication modules, and IoT terminal devices, alongside tailored vertical industry solutions for industrial IoT, smart hardware development, and device security protection. The showcase fully demonstrated the company’s core competitive strengths in IoT hardware R&D, low-power communication technologies, and device security adaptation.

Notably, Heltec received professional volunteer on-site technical support from the Offensive Security Society (OSS), a student-led organization based at California State University, Fullerton (CSUF). As a student-run group focused on practical cybersecurity offensive and defensive techniques, technical knowledge sharing, and tech talent development, OSS follows a long-standing philosophy of hands-on technical learning. We actively promote cybersecurity culture across academic and industry circles through a wide range of initiatives, including educational workshops, industry competitions, and bug bounty programs.

Additional hands-on volunteer technical support was provided by Cyber@UCR, the official cybersecurity technical team affiliated with the University of California, Riverside (UCR). Committed to advancing knowledge sharing and technical research in the computer security field through hands-on competitive events and laboratory experimentation, the Cyber@UCR team delivered expert volunteer assistance for Heltec’s live product demonstrations, as well as professional consultation on embedded technologies and device security for attendees throughout the expo. This support helped the Heltec booth maintain the highest standards of professionalism and responsiveness in its on-site technical services.

In addition, volunteer support for exhibition content planning and promotional outreach was provided by the National Upcycled Computing Collective (NUCC), a professional organization dedicated to advancing computing and cybersecurity research and education. With core project layouts in distributed computing, fuzzing testing, hardware technology and robotic process automation, NUCC boasts extensive hands-on experience in industry event operation, having delivered professional workshops and training programs at top global cybersecurity events including DEF CON and SparkleCon, as well as running active technical communities across Southern California. Its volunteer team leveraged deep industry resources and event operation expertise to support Heltec’s exhibition planning and audience reach throughout the expo.

Further volunteer assistance with promotional coordination was provided by Nationstateactor, a leading industry platform focused on cutting-edge cybersecurity and hardware technology. This collaborative volunteer support significantly amplified the visibility of Heltec’s participation across the North American industry ecosystem.

As a leading global provider of IoT hardware and end-to-end solutions, Heltec remains steadfastly focused on addressing end-user needs through in-depth technology research and development, as well as market-oriented services. The company’s participation in SCALE not only delivered better-than-expected results in North American market expansion but also built valuable, long-term connections with North American academic communities and industry organizations.

Moving forward, Heltec will continue to deepen its cultivation of the North American market, delivering products and services tailored to the unique needs of local customers and developers. The company will continue to engage with academic and industry partners across the region.